The Manual is a collection Epictetus’ most essential teachings as compiled by one of his students. Epictetus (c. 50-135 AD) was born into slavery and brought to Rome where he became a great teacher. Today he is today known as one of the pillars of the Stoic school of philosophy. Based on my brief exposure to Epictetus teachings and Stoicism, I think of the essence of the teachings to be for the individual to focus on what is within their own power and letting go of everything that’s not. Outside events should be accepted calmly and dispassionately as they are beyond ones control.
I enjoyed this short book and I’m sure I will revisit it from time to time. Here are a few short key lessons from the book:
1. Don’t pin your hopes on things outside your control.
Our thoughts and actions are within our control, but there are other things that fall outside of our power. Such things like our physical characteristics or what class we are born in to. For inner peace, let go of all things outside your control.
If you pin your hopes on things outside your control, taking upon yourself things which rightfully belong to others, you are liable to stumble fall, suffer, and blame both gods and men. But if you focus your attention only on what is truly your own concern, and leave to others what concerns them, then you will be in charge of your interior life.
2. Whenever distress or displeasure arises, do a reality-check.
It’s easy to let our own interpretation of situations represent reality.
Whenever distress or displeasure arises in your mind remind yourself, “This is only my interpretation, not reality itself.” Then ask whether it falls within or outside your sphere of power. And, if it is beyond your power to control, let it go.
3. Remind yourself that you are mortal
Keep reminding yourself that one day you will die. Nothing helps you clear your priorities better reminding yourself of this fact. Shed distractions and focus on your mission and what matters.
Continually remind yourself that you are a mortal being, and someday will die. This will inspire you not to waste precious time in fruitless activities, like stewing over grievances and striving after possessions.
4. Consider, choose, and commit.
When deliberating a situation and before acting, always consider what precedes and what comes after. If you don’t apply the preceding effort you are a dabbler who daydreams about fulfilling your goal.
Whatever your vocation, pursue it wholeheartedly. Consider, choose, and commit.
5. Don’t let your appetite exceed what is necessary.
This is certainly relevant advice as consumption in the western world is a major contributing factor in the ongoing climate and ecological crisis.
Our possessions should be suited to our bodies and lives, just as our shoes are suited to our feet. Could you run better if your shoes were larger than your feet, or gold-plated and diamond studded? Of course not.